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The following table of the ANSI X3.64 encodings is the result of some work I |
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did a few years ago for BYTE magazine. BYTE made this table available for |
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download from several bulletin-board systems, so I see no reason why it cannot |
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be posted here for whatever private use you care to make. Just don't expect |
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to make a profit selling copies of it without paying royalties to McGraw-Hill. |
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Oh, by the way, the equivalent ISO standard is DP-6429. |
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.....RSS |
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ANSI Standard (X3.64) Control Sequences for Video Terminals and Peripherals |
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in alphabetic order by mnemonic |
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(Inspired by the article "Toward Standardized Video Terminals: ANSI |
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X3.64 Device Control" by Mark L. Siegel, April 1984 BYTE, page 365) |
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(Ps and Pn are parameters expressed in ASCII.) |
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(Numeric parameters are given in decimal radix.) |
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(Abbreviations are explained in detail at end.) |
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(Spaces used in this table for clarity are not |
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used in the actual codes.) |
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Default Type |
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Sequence Sequence Parameter or |
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Mnemonic Name Sequence Value Mode |
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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APC Applicatn Program Command Esc Fe Delim |
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CBT Cursor Backward Tab Esc [ Pn Z 1 eF |
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CCH Cancel Previous Character Esc T |
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CHA Cursor Horzntal Absolute Esc [ Pn G 1 eF |
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CHT Cursor Horizontal Tab Esc [ Pn I 1 eF |
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CNL Cursor Next Line Esc [ Pn E 1 eF |
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CPL Cursor Preceding Line Esc [ Pn F 1 eF |
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CPR Cursor Position Report Esc [ Pn ; Pn R 1, 1 |
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CSI Control Sequence Intro Esc [ Intro |
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CTC Cursor Tab Control Esc [ Ps W 0 eF |
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CUB Cursor Backward Esc [ Pn D 1 eF |
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CUD Cursor Down Esc [ Pn B 1 eF |
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CUF Cursor Forward Esc [ Pn C 1 eF |
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CUP Cursor Position Esc [ Pn ; Pn H 1, 1 eF |
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CUU Cursor Up Esc [ Pn A 1 eF |
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CVT Cursor Vertical Tab Esc [ Pn Y eF |
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DA Device Attributes Esc [ Pn c 0 |
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DAQ Define Area Qualification Esc [ Ps o 0 |
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DCH Delete Character Esc [ Pn P 1 eF |
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DCS Device Control String Esc P Delim |
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DL Delete Line Esc [ Pn M 1 eF |
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DMI Disable Manual Input Esc \ Fs |
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DSR Device Status Report Esc [ Ps n 0 |
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EA Erase in Area Esc [ Ps O 0 eF |
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ECH Erase Character Esc [ Pn X 1 eF |
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ED Erase in Display Esc [ Ps J 0 eF |
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EF Erase in Field Esc [ Ps N 0 eF |
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EL Erase in Line Esc [ Ps K 0 eF |
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EMI Enable Manual Input Esc b Fs |
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EPA End of Protected Area Esc W |
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ESA End of Selected Area Esc G |
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FNT Font Selection Esc [ Pn ; Pn Space D 0, 0 FE |
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GSM Graphic Size Modify Esc [ Pn ; Pn Space B 100, 100 FE |
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GSS Graphic Size Selection Esc [ Pn Space C none FE |
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HPA Horz Position Absolute Esc [ Pn ` 1 FE |
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HPR Horz Position Relative Esc [ Pn a 1 FE |
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HTJ Horz Tab w/Justification Esc I FE |
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HTS Horizontal Tab Set Esc H FE |
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HVP Horz & Vertical Position Esc [ Pn ; Pn f 1, 1 FE |
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ICH Insert Character Esc [ Pn @ 1 eF |
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IL Insert Line Esc [ Pn L 1 eF |
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IND Index Esc D FE |
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INT Interrupt Esc a Fs |
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JFY Justify Esc [ Ps ; ... ; Ps Space F 0 FE |
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MC Media Copy Esc [ Ps i 0 |
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MW Message Waiting Esc U |
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NEL Next Line Esc E FE |
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NP Next Page Esc [ Pn U 1 eF |
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OSC Operating System Command Esc ] Delim |
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PLD Partial Line Down Esc K FE |
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PLU Partial Line Up Esc L FE |
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PM Privacy Message Esc ^ Delim |
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PP Preceding Page Esc [ Pn V 1 eF |
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PU1 Private Use 1 Esc Q |
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PU2 Private Use 2 Esc R |
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QUAD Typographic Quadding Esc [ Ps Space H 0 FE |
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REP Repeat Char or Control Esc [ Pn b 1 |
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RI Reverse Index Esc M FE |
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RIS Reset to Initial State Esc c Fs |
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RM Reset Mode Esc [ Ps l none |
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SD Scroll Down Esc [ Pn T 1 eF |
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SEM Select Edit Extent Mode Esc [ Ps Q 0 |
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SGR Select Graphic Rendition Esc [ Ps m 0 FE |
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SL Scroll Left Esc [ Pn Space @ 1 eF |
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SM Select Mode Esc [ Ps h none |
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SPA Start of Protected Area Esc V |
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SPI Spacing Increment Esc [ Pn ; Pn Space G none FE |
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SR Scroll Right Esc [ Pn Space A 1 eF |
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SS2 Single Shift 2 (G2 set) Esc N Intro |
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SS3 Single Shift 3 (G3 set) Esc O Intro |
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SSA Start of Selected Area Esc F |
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ST String Terminator Esc \ Delim |
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STS Set Transmit State Esc S |
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SU Scroll Up Esc [ Pn S 1 eF |
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TBC Tab Clear Esc [ Ps g 0 FE |
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TSS Thin Space Specification Esc [ Pn Space E none FE |
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VPA Vert Position Absolute Esc [ Pn d 1 FE |
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VPR Vert Position Relative Esc [ Pn e 1 FE |
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VTS Vertical Tabulation Set Esc J FE |
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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Abbreviations: |
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Intro an Introducer of some kind of defined sequence; the normal 7-bit |
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X3.64 Control Sequence Introducer is the two characters "Escape [" |
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Delim a Delimiter |
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x/y identifies a character by position in the ASCII table (column/row) |
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eF editor function (see explanation) |
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FE format effector (see explanation) |
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F is a Final character in |
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an Escape sequence (F from 3/0 to 7/14 in the ASCII table) |
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a control sequence (F from 4/0 to 7/14) |
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Gs is a graphic character appearing in strings (Gs ranges from |
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2/0 to 7/14) in the ASCII table |
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Ce is a control represented as a single bit combination in the C1 set |
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of controls in an 8-bit character set |
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C0 the familiar set of 7-bit ASCII control characters |
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C1 roughly, the set of control characters available only in 8-bit systems. |
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This is too complicated to explain fully here, so read Jim Fleming's |
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article in the February 1983 BYTE, especially pages 214 through 224. |
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Fe is a Final character of a 2-character Escape sequence that has an |
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equivalent representation in an 8-bit environment as a Ce-type |
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(Fe ranges from 4/0 to 5/15) |
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Fs is a Final character of a 2-character Escape sequence that is |
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standardized internationally with identical representation in 7-bit |
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and 8-bit environments and is independent of the currently |
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designated C0 and C1 control sets (Fs ranges from 6/0 to 7/14) |
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I is an Intermediate character from 2/0 to 2/15 (inclusive) in the |
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ASCII table |
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P is a parameter character from 3/0 to 3/15 (inclusive) in the ASCII |
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table |
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Pn is a numeric parameter in a control sequence, a string of zero or |
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more characters ranging from 3/0 to 3/9 in the ASCII table |
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Ps is a variable number of selective parameters in a control sequence |
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with each selective parameter separated from the other by the code |
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3/11 (which usually represents a semicolon); Ps ranges from |
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3/0 to 3/9 and includes 3/11 |
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\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ |
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/ |
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Format Effectors versus Editor Functions |
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A format effector specifies how the final output is to be created. |
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An editor function allows you to modify the specification. |
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For instance, a format effector that moves the "active position" (the |
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cursor or equvalent) one space to the left would be useful when you want to |
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create an overstrike, a compound character made of two standard characters |
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overlaid. Control-H, the Backspace character, is actually supposed to be a |
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format effector, so you can do this. But many systems use it in a |
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nonstandard fashion, as an editor function, deleting the character to the |
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left of the cursor and moving the cursor left. When Control-H is assumed to |
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be an editor function, you cannot predict whether its use will create an |
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overstrike unless you also know whether the output device is in an "insert |
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mode" or an "overwrite mode". When Control-H is used as a format effector, |
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its effect can always be predicted. The familiar characters carriage |
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return, linefeed, formfeed, etc., are defined as format effectors. |
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\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ |
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/ |
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ANSI X3.64 Mode-Changing Parameters for use with the |
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Select Mode (SM) and Reset Mode (RM) functions |
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Parameter Mode Mode Function |
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Characters Mnemonic |
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column/ graphic |
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row repres. |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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3/0 0 an error condition |
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3/1 1 GATM guarded-area transfer mode |
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3/2 2 KAM keyboard action mode |
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3/3 3 CRM control representation mode |
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3/4 4 IRM insertion/replacement mode |
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3/5 5 SRTM status-reporting transfer mode |
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3/6 6 ERM erasure mode |
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3/7 7 VEM vertical editing mode |
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3/8 8 reserved for future standardization |
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3/9 9 reserved for future standardization |
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3/10 : reserved separator for parameters |
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3/11 ; Standard separator for parameters |
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3/12 < reserved for private (experimental) use |
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3/13 = reserved for private (experimental) use |
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3/14 > reserved for private (experimental) use |
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3/15 ? reserved for private (experimental) use |
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3/1 3/0 10 HEM horizontal editing mode |
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3/1 3/1 11 PUM positioning unit mode |
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3/1 3/2 12 SRM send/receive mode |
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3/1 3/3 13 FEAM format effector action mode |
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3/1 3/4 14 FETM format effector transfer mode |
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3/1 3/5 15 MATM multiple area transfer mode |
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3/1 3/6 16 TTM transfer termination mode |
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3/1 3/7 17 SATM selected area transfer mode |
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3/1 3/8 18 TSM tabulation stop mode |
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3/1 3/9 19 EBM editing boundary mode |
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3/1 3/10 1: reserved separator for parameters |
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3/1 3/11 1; Standard separator for parameters |
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3/1 3/12 1< error condition--unspecified recovery |
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3/1 3/13 1= error condition--unspecified recovery |
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3/1 3/14 1> error condition--unspecified recovery |
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3/1 3/15 1? error condition--unspecified recovery |
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3/2 3/0 20 LNM linefeed/newline mode (not in ISO 6429) |
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3/2 3/1 21 |
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. . |
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. . reserved for future standardization |
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. . |
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3/9 3/9 99 |
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3/12 3/0 <0 |
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. . |
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. . reserved for private (experimental) use |
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. . |
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3/15 3/15 ?? |
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\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ |
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/ |
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NOTES ON THE DEC VT100 IMPLEMENTATION |
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In the case of the popular DEC VT100 video-terminal implementation, |
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the only mode that may be altered is the linefeed/newline (LNM) mode. |
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Other modes are considered permanently set, reset, or not applicable |
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as follows: |
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Set: ERM |
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Reset: CRM, EBM, FEAM, FETM, IRM, KAM, PUM, SRTM, TSM |
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N/A: GATM, HEM, MATM, SATM, TTM, VEM |
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Control sequences implemented in the VT100 are as follows: |
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CPR, CUB, CUD, CUF, CUP, CUU, DA, DSR, ED, EL, HTS, HVP, IND, |
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LNM, NEL, RI, RIS, RM, SGR, SM, TBC |
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plus several private DEC commands. |
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Erasing parts of the display (EL and ED) in the VT100 is performed thus: |
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Erase from cursor to end of line Esc [ 0 K or Esc [ K |
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Erase from beginning of line to cursor Esc [ 1 K |
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Erase line containing cursor Esc [ 2 K |
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Erase from cursor to end of screen Esc [ 0 J or Esc [ J |
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Erase from beginning of screen to cursor Esc [ 1 J |
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Erase entire screen Esc [ 2 J |
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The VT100 responds to receiving the DA (Device Attributes) control |
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Esc [ c (or Esc [ 0 c) |
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by transmitting the sequence |
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Esc [ ? l ; Ps c |
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where Ps is a character that describes installed options. |
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The VT100's cursor location can be read with the DSR (Device Status |
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Report) control |
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Esc [ 6 n |
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The VT100 reports by transmitting the CPR sequence |
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Esc [ Pl ; Pc R |
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where Pl is the line number and Pc is the column number (in decimal). |
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\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ |
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/ |
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The complete document describing the standard, "ANSI X3.64-1979: |
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Additional Controls for Use with the American National Standard |
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Code for Information Interchange," can be ordered for $13.50 (plus |
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$4 postage) from |
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Standards Sales Department |
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American National Standards Institute |
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1430 Broadway |
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New York, NY 10018 |
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212/354-3300 |
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It's best to read the full standard before using it. It also helps |
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to have copies of the related standards "X3.4-1977: American |
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National Standard Code for Information Interchange" (the ASCII |
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standard) and "X3.41.1974: Code-Extension Techniques for Use with |
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the 7-Bit Coded Character Set of American National Standard for |
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Information Interchange." |
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See also the chapter "Using Extended Screens and Keyboard Control" |
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in the IBM PC-DOS manuals, especially for the coding for character |
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attributes. |
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The specification for the DEC VT100 is document EK-VT100-UG-003. |
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(Copyright 1984 BYTE Publications, subsidiary of McGraw-Hill Inc.) |
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(Permission granted to reproduce for noncommercial uses.) |
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(This file prepared by Richard S. Shuford.) |
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