diff --git a/src/daemon.c b/src/daemon.c
index 86cda62..3fb13c4 100644
--- a/src/daemon.c
+++ b/src/daemon.c
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ static void add_listener(int con)
 	listeners[nr_listeners++] = con;
 }
 
-static void layer_observer(struct keyboard *kbd, const char *name, int state)
+static void on_layer_change(const struct keyboard *kbd, const char *name, uint8_t state)
 {
 	size_t i;
 	char buf[MAX_LAYER_NAME_LEN+2];
@@ -138,12 +138,17 @@ static void load_configs()
 			keyd_log("CONFIG: parsing b{%s}\n", path);
 
 			if (!config_parse(&ent->config, path)) {
-				ent->kbd = new_keyboard(&ent->config, send_key, layer_observer);
+				struct output output = {
+					.send_key = send_key,
+					.on_layer_change = on_layer_change,
+				};
+				ent->kbd = new_keyboard(&ent->config, &output);
+
 				ent->next = configs;
 				configs = ent;
 			} else {
 				free(ent);
-				keyd_log("DEVICE: y{WARNING} failed to parse %s", path);
+				keyd_log("DEVICE: y{WARNING} failed to parse %s\n", path);
 			}
 
 		}
diff --git a/src/keyboard.c b/src/keyboard.c
index d7db44c..a4cdb4b 100644
--- a/src/keyboard.c
+++ b/src/keyboard.c
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ static void reset_keystate(struct keyboard *kbd)
 
 	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
 		if (kbd->keystate[i]) {
-			kbd->output(i, 0);
+			kbd->output.send_key(i, 0);
 			kbd->keystate[i] = 0;
 		}
 	}
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ static void send_key(struct keyboard *kbd, uint8_t code, uint8_t pressed)
 
 	if (kbd->keystate[code] != pressed) {
 		kbd->keystate[code] = pressed;
-		kbd->output(code, pressed);
+		kbd->output.send_key(code, pressed);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ static void execute_macro(struct keyboard *kbd, int dl, const struct macro *macr
 		send_key(kbd, code, 0);
 	} else {
 		update_mods(kbd, dl, 0);
-		macro_execute(kbd->output, macro, kbd->config.macro_sequence_timeout);
+		macro_execute(kbd->output.send_key, macro, kbd->config.macro_sequence_timeout);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -247,8 +247,7 @@ static void deactivate_layer(struct keyboard *kbd, int idx)
 	assert(kbd->layer_state[idx].active > 0);
 	kbd->layer_state[idx].active--;
 
-	if (kbd->layer_observer)
-		kbd->layer_observer(kbd, kbd->config.layers[idx].name, 0);
+	kbd->output.on_layer_change(kbd, kbd->config.layers[idx].name, 0);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -267,8 +266,7 @@ static void activate_layer(struct keyboard *kbd, uint8_t code, int idx)
 	if ((ce = cache_get(kbd, code)))
 		ce->layer = idx;
 
-	if (kbd->layer_observer)
-		kbd->layer_observer(kbd, kbd->config.layers[idx].name, 1);
+	kbd->output.on_layer_change(kbd, kbd->config.layers[idx].name, 1);
 }
 
 /* Returns:
@@ -771,9 +769,7 @@ static long process_descriptor(struct keyboard *kbd, uint8_t code,
 	return timeout;
 }
 
-struct keyboard *new_keyboard(struct config *config,
-			      void (*sink) (uint8_t code, uint8_t pressed),
-			      void (*layer_observer)(struct keyboard *kbd, const char *name, int state))
+struct keyboard *new_keyboard(struct config *config, const struct output *output)
 {
 	size_t i;
 	struct keyboard *kbd;
@@ -783,6 +779,7 @@ struct keyboard *new_keyboard(struct config *config,
 	kbd->original_config = config;
 	memcpy(&kbd->config, kbd->original_config, sizeof(struct config));
 
+	kbd->output = *output;
 	kbd->layer_state[0].active = 1;
 	kbd->layer_state[0].activation_time = 0;
 
@@ -808,8 +805,6 @@ struct keyboard *new_keyboard(struct config *config,
 
 	kbd->chord.queue_sz = 0;
 	kbd->chord.state = CHORD_INACTIVE;
-	kbd->output = sink;
-	kbd->layer_observer = layer_observer;
 
 	return kbd;
 }
diff --git a/src/keyboard.h b/src/keyboard.h
index 9811535..81742a5 100644
--- a/src/keyboard.h
+++ b/src/keyboard.h
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 #define MAX_ACTIVE_KEYS	32
 #define CACHE_SIZE	16 //Effectively nkro
 
+struct keyboard;
+
 struct cache_entry {
 	uint8_t code;
 	struct descriptor d;
@@ -28,10 +30,16 @@ struct key_event {
 	int timestamp;
 };
 
+struct output {
+	void (*send_key) (uint8_t code, uint8_t state);
+	void (*on_layer_change) (const struct keyboard *kbd, const char *name, uint8_t active);
+};
+
 /* May correspond to more than one physical input device. */
 struct keyboard {
 	const struct config *original_config;
 	struct config config;
+	struct output output;
 
 	/*
 	 * Cache descriptors to preserve code->descriptor
@@ -113,8 +121,6 @@ struct keyboard {
 	} layer_state[MAX_LAYERS];
 
 	uint8_t keystate[256];
-	void (*output) (uint8_t code, uint8_t state);
-	void (*layer_observer) (struct keyboard *kbd, const char *layer, int state);
 
 	struct {
 		int x;
@@ -125,9 +131,7 @@ struct keyboard {
 	} scroll;
 };
 
-struct keyboard *new_keyboard(struct config *config,
-			      void (*sink) (uint8_t code, uint8_t pressed),
-			      void (*layer_observer)(struct keyboard *kbd, const char *name, int state));
+struct keyboard *new_keyboard(struct config *config, const struct output *output);
 
 long kbd_process_events(struct keyboard *kbd, const struct key_event *events, size_t n);
 int kbd_eval(struct keyboard *kbd, const char *exp);
diff --git a/t/test-io.c b/t/test-io.c
index 22a3bc7..29e57ab 100644
--- a/t/test-io.c
+++ b/t/test-io.c
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ static uint8_t lookup_code(const char *name)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void test_sink(uint8_t code, uint8_t pressed)
+static void send_key(uint8_t code, uint8_t pressed)
 {
 	output[noutput].code = code;
 	output[noutput].pressed = pressed;
@@ -218,12 +218,20 @@ void run_test(struct keyboard *kbd, const char *path)
 	}
 }
 
+static void on_layer_change(const struct keyboard *kbd, const char *name, uint8_t active)
+{
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
 	size_t i;
 	struct config config;
 
 	struct keyboard *kbd;
+	struct output output = {
+		.send_key = send_key,
+		.on_layer_change = on_layer_change,
+	};
 
 	if (argc < 2) {
 		printf
@@ -237,7 +245,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		return -1;
 	}
 
-	kbd = new_keyboard(&config, test_sink, NULL);
+	kbd = new_keyboard(&config, &output);
 
 	for (i = 2; i < argc; i++)
 		run_test(kbd, argv[i]);